tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-69512424798450350952024-02-08T06:54:29.931-08:00its time .....mamal89http://www.blogger.com/profile/10875951568560418252noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6951242479845035095.post-86678120909398183512011-12-05T19:24:00.001-08:002011-12-05T19:32:56.100-08:00new urbanism<strong>New Urbanism</strong> is an <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design"><span style="color: #0645ad;">urban design</span></a> movement, which promotes <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability"><span style="color: #0645ad;">walkable</span></a> neighborhoods that contain a range of <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/House" title="House"><span style="color: #0645ad;">housing</span></a> and job types. It arose in the United States in the early 1980s, and has gradually continued to reform many aspects of <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development"><span style="color: #0645ad;">real estate development</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning"><span style="color: #0645ad;">urban planning</span></a>, and municipal <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Land-use" title="Land-use"><span style="color: #0645ad;">land-use</span></a> strategies.<br />
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New Urbanists support <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Regional_planning" title="Regional planning"><span style="color: #0645ad;">regional planning</span></a> for open space, context-appropriate <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture"><span style="color: #0645ad;">architecture</span></a> and planning, and the balanced development of jobs and housing. They believe their strategies can reduce traffic congestion, increase the supply of affordable housing, and rein in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Suburban_sprawl" title="Suburban sprawl"><span style="color: #0645ad;">suburban sprawl</span></a>. The <i>Charter of the New Urbanism</i> also covers issues such as <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation"><span style="color: #0645ad;">historic preservation</span></a>, safe streets, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Green_building" title="Green building"><span style="color: #0645ad;">green building</span></a>, and the re-development of <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Brownfield_land" title="Brownfield land"><span style="color: #0645ad;">brownfield land</span></a>.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/File:DSCN3187_prospectnewtown_e_600.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="139" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/DSCN3187_prospectnewtown_e_600.jpg/220px-DSCN3187_prospectnewtown_e_600.jpg" width="220" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Prospect_New_Town" title="Prospect New Town"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Prospect New Town</span></a> in <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Longmont,_Colorado" title="Longmont, Colorado"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Longmont, Colorado</span></a>, showing a mix of <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Aggregate_housing&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Aggregate housing (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">aggregate housing</span></a> and traditional <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Detached_home" title="Detached home"><span style="color: #0645ad;">detached homes</span></a></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/File:Bitola_2007.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bitola_2007.JPG/250px-Bitola_2007.JPG" width="250" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mixed use pedestrian-friendly street in <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bitola" title="Bitola"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Bitola</span></a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/FYR_of_Macedonia" title="FYR of Macedonia"><span style="color: #0645ad;">FYR of Macedonia</span></a>.</td></tr>
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<a href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/00/earthpulse/sprawl/index_flash-feature.html">http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/00/earthpulse/sprawl/index_flash-feature.html</a></div>mamal89http://www.blogger.com/profile/10875951568560418252noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6951242479845035095.post-29380238716488617122011-12-05T19:20:00.001-08:002011-12-05T19:43:18.974-08:00transit-oriented development (TOD)A <b>transit-oriented development</b> (<b>TOD</b>) is a <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development"><span style="color: #0645ad;">mixed-use</span></a> residential or commercial area designed to maximize access to <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport"><span style="color: #0645ad;">public transport</span></a>, and often incorporates features to encourage transit ridership. A TOD neighborhood typically has a center with a transit station or <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Transit_stop&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Transit stop (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">stop</span></a> (<a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station"><span style="color: #0645ad;">train station</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Metro_station" title="Metro station"><span style="color: #0645ad;">metro station</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Tram_stop" title="Tram stop"><span style="color: #0645ad;">tram stop</span></a>, or <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bus_stop" title="Bus stop"><span style="color: #0645ad;">bus stop</span></a>), surrounded by relatively high-density development with progressively lower-density development spreading outward from the center. TODs generally are located within a radius of one-quarter to one-half mile (400 to 800 m) from a transit stop, as this is considered to be an appropriate scale for <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pedestrian" title="Pedestrian"><span style="color: #0645ad;">pedestrians</span></a>.<br />
Many of the <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/New_town" title="New town"><span style="color: #0645ad;">new towns</span></a> created after <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II"><span style="color: #0645ad;">World War II</span></a> in <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Japan</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sweden</span></a>, and <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/France" title="France"><span style="color: #0645ad;">France</span></a> have many of the characteristics of TOD communities. In a sense, nearly all communities built on <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Reclaimed_land" title="Reclaimed land"><span style="color: #0645ad;">reclaimed land</span></a> in the <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Netherlands</span></a> or as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Exurban" title="Exurban"><span style="color: #0645ad;">exurban</span></a> developments in <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Denmark</span></a> have had the local equivalent of TOD principles integrated in their planning, including the promotion of <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle"><span style="color: #0645ad;">bicycles</span></a> for local use.<br />
Transit-oriented development is sometimes distinguished by some planning officials from "<a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Transit-proximate_development" title="Transit-proximate development"><span style="color: #0645ad;">transit-proximate development</span></a>" (see, e.g. comments made during a Congressional hearing <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6951242479845035095#cite_note-1"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #0645ad;">[2]</span></span></a></sup>) because it contains specific features that are designed to encourage public transport use and differentiate the development from <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl"><span style="color: #0645ad;">urban sprawl</span></a>. Examples of these features include mixed-use development that will use transit at all times of day, excellent pedestrian facilities such as high quality <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pedestrian_crossings" title="Pedestrian crossings"><span style="color: #0645ad;">pedestrian crossings</span></a>, narrow streets, and tapering of buildings as they become more distant from the public transport node. Another key feature of transit-oriented development that differentiates it from "transit-proximate development" is reduced amounts of <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Parking" title="Parking"><span style="color: #0645ad;">parking</span></a> for personal vehicles.<br />
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<strong><span style="color: blue;">COMPONENTS OF TRANSIT ORIENTED DESIGN</span></strong>-Walkable design with pedestrian as the highest priority<br />
-Train station as prominent feature of town center<br />
-A regional node containing a mixture of uses in close proximity including office, residential, retail, and civic uses <br />
-High density, high-quality development within 10-minute walk circle surrounding train station<br />
-Collector support transit systems including trolleys, streetcars, light rail, and buses, etc<br />
-Designed to include the easy use of bicycles, scooters, and rollerblades as daily support transportation systems<br />
-Reduced and managed parking inside 10-minute walk circle around town center / train station<br />
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<strong><span style="color: blue;">BENEFITS<br /></span></strong>-Higher quality of life<br />-Better places to live, work, and play<br />-Greater mobility with ease of moving around<br />-Increased transit ridership<br />-Reduced traffic congestion and driving<br />-Reduced car accidents and injuries<br />-Reduced household spending on transportation, resulting in more affordable housing<br />-Healthier lifestyle with more walking, and less stress<br />-Higher, more stable property values<br />-Increased foot traffic and customers for area businesses<br />-Greatly reduced dependence on foreign oil<br />-Greatly reduced pollution and environmental destruction<br />-Reduced incentive to sprawl, increased incentive for compact development<br />-Less expensive than building roads and sprawl<br />-Enhanced ability to maintain economic competitiveness<br />
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<img height="397" id="il_fi" src="http://www.transitorienteddevelopment.org/images/600_Tram.jpg" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="600" /></div>mamal89http://www.blogger.com/profile/10875951568560418252noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6951242479845035095.post-9306420619873959942011-12-05T05:47:00.001-08:002011-12-05T07:43:05.505-08:00Isu Di Pinggir BandarBandar yang membangun adalah baik sama ada untuk penduduk bandar atau dari segi ekonomi. Penduduk bandar akan mendapat banyak manfaat dengan pembangunan bandar. Dari segi ekonominya pembangunan bandar dapat meningkatkan ekonomi. pembangunan bandar akan menyebabkan kawasan pinggir bandar akan menghadapi masalah.<br />
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Pembagunan dalam bandar menyebabkan timbulnya pelbagai masalah di pinggir bandar. Terdapat pelbagai masalah yang timbul antaranya iaitu kesesakkan lalulintas, kesesakkan kediaman, pencemaran dan banyak lagi masalah yang timbul. Masalah ini boleh menjejaskan kehidupan masyarakat yang tinggal di pinggir bandar. Mungkin hari ini saya akan menghuraikan masalah kesesakkan lalulintas.<br />
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Kesesakkan lalulintas kawasan pinggir bandar disebabkan oleh kenderaan yang melalui kawsan tersebut sama ada ke dalam bandar atau ke luar bandar. Semakin pesat sesuatu bandar maka semakin sesaklah laluan di pinggir bandar. Antara yang menyebabkan masalah ini berlaku ialah pertambahan kenderaan persendirian. hal ini berlaku kerana kebanyakan orang yang telah bekerja menginginkan kenderaan sendiri kerana ia memudahkan pergerakkan dari satu tempat ke satu tempat.<br />
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Kesesakkan lalulintas juga disebabkan oleh kurangnya kenderaan awam yang menyebabkan ramai orang memilih untuk menggunakan kenderaan sendiri. Hal ini disebabkan kenderaan awam yang disediakan tidak melalui semua laluan yang ada. Hal ini menyebabkan ramai orang tidak gemar menggunakan kenderaan awam. Selain itu kenderaan awam yang disediakan tidak efisen. Kesannya orang ramai tidak mahu menggunakannya. Keadaan ini menyebabkan kesesakkan lalulintas di kawasan pinggir bandar.<br />
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Kesimpulanya kesesakkan lalulintas berlaku disebabkan pertambahan kenderaan persendirian yang menyebabkan laluan keluar masuk bandar yang berada di pinggir bandar menjadi sesak. Kekurangan dan kurang efisen kenderaan awam juga menyebabkan berlakunya kesesakkan di pinggir bandar. <br />
<br />mamal89http://www.blogger.com/profile/10875951568560418252noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6951242479845035095.post-33692211244881023062011-09-26T09:57:00.000-07:002011-10-03T20:27:27.274-07:00Rural<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: red;">Bismillahirrahmanirrahim</span> </span></span><br />
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Hari ini saya akan menerangkan sedikit tentang <span style="font-size: large;">Rural</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Maksud</span><br />
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"area dominated by open countryside extensive land uses and low population densities".<br />
(<i>The Dictionary of Human Geography</i>)<br />
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"low population density containing scartered dwelling, hamlets villages and small town".<br />
(<i>Moseley Malcolm<span style="font-size: x-small;">(2003)</span></i>) <br />
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"the sparsely populated areas in which people farm or depends on natural resources, including village and small town". <br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Ciri-ciri</span><br />
<ul style="color: red;">
<li> kurang dari10000</li>
<li>agricultural base</li>
<li>natural resources</li>
<li>berkelompok dan berkumpulan</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: large;">Hiraki bandar</span><br />
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<span style="color: red;">Metropolitan-penduduk melebihi 75000 </span><br />
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Bandar besar-penduduk dalam lingkungan 10000-74999</div>
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Bandar kecil-penduduk dalam lingkungan 1000-9999</div>
<div style="color: red;">
Kampung-penduduk kurang dari 999</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Kawasan Urban </span><br />
<ul style="color: red;">
<li>penduduk melibihi 10000</li>
<li>built-up area</li>
<li>60% dari pada penduduk mempunyai aktiviti ekonomi non-agricultural</li>
</ul>
mamal89http://www.blogger.com/profile/10875951568560418252noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6951242479845035095.post-6592649334651404162011-09-19T23:35:00.000-07:002011-10-03T20:27:47.773-07:00ASSALAMUALAIKUM<span style="color: orange;">Salam sejahtera kepada semua yang sudi melawat semoga. Semua dalam rahmat Allah.</span><br />
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<span style="color: orange;">Dengan nama Allah Yang Maha Pemurah Lagi Maha Pengasihani</span><br />
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<span style="color: orange;">Langkah permulaan untuk merancang bumi Allah ini. kita Sebagai manusia dicipta untuk menjadi khalifah di muka bumi ini. kita bertanggungjawab untuk mengurus bumi ini.seperti mana firman Allah:</span><br />
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<strong><em>''Ingatlah ketika Tuhanmu berfirman kepada para Malaikat: ''Sesungguhnya Aku hendak menjadikan seorang khalifah di muka bumi.'' Mereka berkata: ''Mengapa Engkau hendak menjadikan (khalifah) di bumi itu orang yang akan membuat kerusakan padanya dan menumpahkan darah, padahal kami senantiasa bertasbih dengan memuji Engkau dan mensucikan Engkau?''. Tuhan berfirman: ''Sesungguhnya Aku mengetahui apa yang tidak kamu ketahui''(Al-Baqarah:30)</em></strong><br />
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<span style="color: orange;">Jadi kita dipertanggungjawabkan untuk mengurus bumi ini bukan merusakkan dengan merancang ikut kehendak nafsu kita sahaja. dengan berbekalkan ilmu yang sedikit yang diberi Allah melalui pesyarah, saya cuba untuk berkongsi dengan sesiapa sahaja yang berminat dan Insyaallah akan cuba memberi pandangan dalam perancangan bandar. </span>mamal89http://www.blogger.com/profile/10875951568560418252noreply@blogger.com1